Oracle 11g (R1) Enterprise安裝研究 for Linux(CentOS 5.4)－Aries男的學習筆記

Oracle 11g (R1) Enterprise安裝研究 for Linux(CentOS 5.4)
這邊假設已經安裝好Linux OS的情況下故不敘述linux的安裝

軟硬體需求建議如下：

RAM：1G(虛擬機建議1.1G)

HD空間：11GB(含swap)

解析度：1024x768

所支援的OS如下：

On Linux x86 and Linux x86-64:
Asianux 2.0
Asianux 3.0
Oracle Enterprise Linux 4.0
Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.0
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.0
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10.0

Oracle Database 11gR1(約1.8G)下載網址：
http://www.oracle.com/technology/softwa ... index.html

Oracle Express, Standard, Enterprise 功能比較表
http://www.oracle.com/database/product_editions.html

作業系統：CentOS-5.4(安裝於虛擬機上)

http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/CentOS/5.4/isos/

虛擬機：xenserver下載處

http://www.citrix.com/lang/English/lp/lp_1688615.asp#top
(請先自行註冊後至電子郵件處點連結下載)

Oracle install參考資料：
http://www.oracle.com/pls/db111/homepage

安裝前重點整理：
請關閉SELINUX的工作模式

代碼:

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config

把 SELINUX設定為disabled

代碼:

SELINUX=disabled
然後重新啟動系統 (修改SELinux必須重新啟動系統才能生效)

代碼:

[root@localhost ~]# reboot

先建立 /u01目錄

代碼:

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /u01

下載 linux_11gR1_database.zip放置/u01目錄中，解壓縮，會產生database目錄：

代碼:

[root@localhost ~]# unzip linux_11gR1_database.zip

Oracle 建議用固定IP，檢查 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

代碼:

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ ifcfg-eth0
# Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] 79c970 [PCnet32 LANCE]
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
HWADDR=00:0C:29:C1:23:E1
ONBOOT=yes
[root@localhost network-scripts]#

改成固定IP，內容類似如下 (請依照自己環境修改)

代碼:

# Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] 79c970 [PCnet32 LANCE]
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=none
HWADDR=00:0C:29:C1:23:E1
ONBOOT=yes
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
IPADDR=192.168.x.x
GATEWAY=192.168.x.x

TYPE=Ethernet
USERCTL=no
PEERDNS=yes

修改/etc/resolv.conf，設定DNS Server(請依照自己環境修改)

代碼:

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 168.95.1.1

修改主機名稱/etc /hosts，增加一筆

代碼:

[root@localhost ~]#vi /etc/hosts

192.168.128.128 oracle(請依自己環境修改)

修改作業系統名稱

代碼:

[root@oracle ~]# vi /etc/redhat-release

將CentOS release 5 (Final) 修改成

代碼:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS release 5 (Taroon)

Ps:原著說沒改也是可以安裝不過在安裝過程會出現error訊息，不過還是可以安裝過去，所以還是改一下
重新啟動網路，讓設定生效

代碼:

[root@localhost ~]# service network restart
Shutting down interface eth0: [ OK ]
Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ]
Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ]
Bringing up interface eth0: [ OK ]

安裝所需套件

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61
elfutils-libelf-0.125-3.el5
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125-3.el5
glibc-2.5-12
glibc-devel-2.5-12
glibc-common-2.5-12
gcc-4.1.1-52.el5
gcc-c++-4.1.1-52.el5
kernel-headers
libgcc-4.1.1-52.el5
libaio-0.3.106-3.2
libaio-devel-0.3.106-3.2
libstdc++-4.1.1-52.el5
libstdc++-devel-4.1.1-52.el5
unixODBC-2.2.11-7.1
unixODBC-devel-2.2.11-7.1
sysstat-7.0.0-3.el5
binutils-2.17.50.0.6-2.el5
make-3.81-1.1
pdksh-5.2.14-30

用 yum安裝套件

代碼:

[root@oracle ~]# yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pdksh (這全部是同一行)

如果沒有網路，必須用光碟安裝，請一一用rpm找出在哪個套件在檔案中

代碼:

[root@oracle u01]# rpm -qa | grep <package_name>
然後執行下面命令安裝

代碼:

[root@oracle u01]# rpm -ivh <package_name>.rpm

解壓縮oracle安裝套件
建立Oracle所需要的群組名稱(oinstall、 dba)，建立用戶名稱(oracle)並加入oinstall和dba群組中，設定用戶oracle密碼：

代碼:

[root@oracle ~]#groupadd oinstall

[root@oracle ~]# groupadd dba

[root@oracle ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

[root@oracle ~]# passwd oracle

建立安裝目錄和設定權限：

代碼:

[root@oracle ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/

[root@oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

[root@oracle ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01

修改核心參數：

代碼:

[root@oracle ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

先將預設的 kernel.shmal、 kernel.shmmax用# 字號註解掉
在最末尾的地方加上如下：

代碼:

kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144

fs.file-max = 65536

讓設定生效

代碼:

[root@oracle ~]# sysctl –p

為oracle用戶設置Shell限制

代碼:

[root@oracle ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

在最後面加上

代碼:

oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536

修改/etc/pam.d/login

代碼:

[root@oracle ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login
增加一行

代碼:

session required pam_limits.so

修改/etc/profile

代碼:

[root@oracle ~]# vi /etc/profile

在最後面增加

代碼:

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi

切換到oracle用戶修改環境變數

代碼:

[root@oracle ~]# su - oracle

修改.bash_profile，此文件為oracle用戶的環境變數

代碼:

[oracle@oracle ~]$ vi .bash_profile

在最後面增加

代碼:

# User specific environment and startup programs

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.1.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=ORCL; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin; export TNS_ADMIN
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH

#NLS_LANG="TRADITIONAL CHINESE_TAIWAN".ZHT16BIG5;export NLS_LANG
export NLS_LANG

#LC_CTYPE=zh_TW.Big5; export LC_CTYPE
export LC_CTYPE

#LC_ALL=zh_TW.UTF8; export LC_ALL
export LC_ALL

#LANG=zh_TW.Big5; export LANG
export LANG

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/jre:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH
umask 022

讓設定生效

代碼:

[oracle@oracle ~]$ source .bash_profile

再次以oracle用戶登錄，切換到/u01/database目錄準備安裝

代碼:

[root@oracle ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@oracle ~]$ cd /u01/database

執行./runInstaller安裝，開始進入圖形介面安裝

代碼:

[oracle@oracle database]$ ./runInstaller

Select Installation Method畫面：輸入Database Password和Confirm Password

Specify Inventory directory and credentials畫面：按下Next繼續

Product-Specific Prerequisite Checks畫面：環境驗證，有問題則會顯示在下方，如果沒問題就按下Next

Oracle Configuration Manager Registration畫面：Oracle Enterprise雖然可以從官方網站下載安裝，但是下載Patch是要花錢的，此處只是安裝研究，按下Next過去就好

Summary畫面，按下Install開始安裝了

Install畫面

Database Configuration Assistant安裝畫面

Database Configuration Assistant部分安裝完成
ps:建議這邊可以先進入password Management修改sys、system相關帳號密碼

Execute Configurations Scripts畫面：要在終端機下用root執行兩個命令，然後才能按下OK繼續

請到終端機以root命令執行

代碼:

[root@oracle ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory to 770.
Changing groupname /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete

[root@oracle ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/root.sh
Running Oracle 11g root.sh script...

The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Finished product-specific root actions.

修改/etc/oratab內容

代碼:

[root@oracle ~]# vi /etc/oratab

將

ORCL:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1:N

改為

ORCL:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1:Y

End of Isntallation畫面：安裝結束了

安裝完以後，oracle服務預設是沒有被啟動的，則需要手工進行啟動。請以oracle用戶身份登入，登入之後主要服務的啟動方式如下：
數據庫服務啟動 (這個執行需要點時間，執行完成會回提示字元)

代碼:

[root@localhost ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@oracle ~]$ dbstart
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-start Oracle Net Listener
Usage: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/bin/dbstart ORACLE_HOME
Processing Database instance "orcl": log file /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/startup.log

監聽器啟動

代碼:

[oracle@oracle bin]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 20-2-2009 21:07:11

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

TNS-01106: 已啟動名稱為 LISTENER 的監聽器

Oracle服務需要自己設定，否則reboot後不會自動重啟

先切換到oracle帳號，手動測試幾個需要啟動的程式：

代碼:

[roor@oracle ~]# su - oracle
測試dbstart

代碼:

[oracle@oracle ~]$ dbstart
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-start Oracle Net Listener
Usage: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/bin/dbstart ORACLE_HOME
Processing Database instance "orcl": log file /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/startup.log

測試lsnrctl

代碼:

[oracle@oracle ~]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 26-FEB-2009 10:07:17

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracle/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle)(PORT=1521)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production
Start Date 26-FEB-2009 10:07:20
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 1 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracle/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully

測試 emctl (Enterprise Manager Control是Oracle的Web管理介面)

代碼:

[oracle@oracle ~]$ emctl start dbconsole(出現問題訊息)

OC4J Configuration issue.

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_oracle_ORCL not found.

解決方法如下，到root權限的終端機建立一個連結

代碼:

[root@oracle ~]# cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee
[root@oracle j2ee]# ln -s OC4J_DBConsole_oracle_orcl OC4J_DBConsole_oracle_ORCL
回到oracle權限的終端機，再測試一次

代碼:

[oracle@oracle ~]$ emctl start dbconsole
EM Configuration issue. /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/oracle_ORCL not found.

還是不行

再到root權限的終端機，再設定一個連結

代碼:

[root@oracle j2ee]# cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1
[root@oracle db_1]# ln -s oracle_orcl oracle_ORCL

回到oracle權限的終端機，再測試一次 (會花點時間)，正常了

代碼:

[oracle@oracle ~]$ emctl start dbconsole
Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control Release 11.1.0.6.0
Copyright (c) 1996, 2007 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
https://oracle:1158/em/console/aboutApplication
Starting Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control ........... started.
------------------------------------------------------------------
Logs are generated in directory /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/oracle_ORCL/sysman/log

進入em控制台(Web管理介面)點選瀏覽器https://localhost:1158/em

選擇Or you can add exception來增加例外網站

按下Add Exception按鈕

按下Get Certificate嘗試取得憑證

按下Confirm Security Exception(確認安全性例外)按鈕

輸入安裝過程中設定的密碼(Oracle有幾個預設的帳號，例如SYS、SYSTEM)

英文管理畫面

如果要看中文化面，可以logout，切換語系再login，再次用瀏覽器連上。

這就是繁體中文介面
看到管理介面完成！

※※接下來建立一個稱為oracledb的Shell Script，讓開機的時候自動執行它

代碼:

root@lu-desktop:~# vim /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/bin/oracledb

檔案內容如下

代碼:

#!/bin/bash

export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1
export ORACLE_OWNR=oracle
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

if [ ! -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart -o ! -d $ORACLE_HOME ]
then
echo "Oracle startup: cannot start"
exit 1
fi

case "$1" in
start)
# Oracle listener and instance startup
echo -n "Starting Oracle: "
su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"
su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME"
su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole"

su oracle -c "/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/bin/emctl start dbconsole"

touch /var/lock/oracle
echo "OK"
;;
stop)
# Oracle listener and instance shutdown
echo -n "Shutdown Oracle: "
su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"
su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORACLE_HOME"
su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole"
rm -f /var/lock/oracle
echo "OK"
;;
reload|restart)
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
*)
echo "Usage: `basename $0` start|stop|restart|reload"
exit 1
esac

exit 0

修改Shell Script為可執行的：

代碼:

root@lu-desktop:~# chmod a+x /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/bin/oracledb

編輯開機自動執行設定檔/etc/rc.local

代碼:

root@lu-desktop:~# vim /etc/rc.local
加入一行

代碼:

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/bin/oracledb start

重開機reboot後觀看服務是否會自動正常開啟

root@lu-desktop: reboot

使用netstat觀看服務是否有啟動

[oracle@test-CentOS5 ~]$ netstat -tunlp

(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info

will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)

Active Internet connections (only servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5801 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2696/Xvnc

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5901 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2696/Xvnc

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6001 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2696/Xvnc

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8797 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 7435/ora_d000_orcl

tcp 0 0 :::6000 :::* LISTEN -

tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN -

tcp 0 0 :::6001 :::* LISTEN 2696/Xvnc

tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN -

udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:38695 0.0.0.0:* -

udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:* -

udp 0 0 ::1:47801 :::* 7437/ora_s000_orcl

udp 0 0 ::1:35393 :::* 7403/ora_pmon_orcl

udp 0 0 :::16706 :::* 7431/ora_mmon_orcl

udp 0 0 :::25559 :::* -

udp 0 0 ::1:26857 :::* 7435/ora_d000_orcl

udp 0 0 :::5353 :::* -

或用ps aux | grep oracle檢查

代碼:

[root@oracle db_1]# ps aux | grep oracle

如果有出現類似下面的訊息，表示emctl正在啟動中

代碼:

root 5688 0.3 0.1 4888 1232 ? S 09:49 0:00 su oracle -c /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/bin/emctl start dbconsole
oracle 5689 11.3 0.1 4484 1224 ? Ss 09:49 0:00 /bin/sh -f /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/bin/emctl start dbconsole
oracle 6101 0.0 0.2 6072 2396 ? R 09:49 0:00 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/perl/bin/perl /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/bin/emctl.pl start dbconsole

確認完成後打開瀏覽器查看是否能否連上

https://localhost:1158/em

完成！

參考來源：http://forum.icst.org.tw/phpbb/viewtopic.php?f=21&t=16411